Botany for degree students /

Includes index.

Introduction
PART I MORPHOLOGY & EMBRYOLOGY
Chapter 1 The root 1
2 The Stem 8
3 The Leaf 25
4 Defensive Mechanisms in Plants 47
5 The Inflorescence 49
6 The Flower 55
7 Pollination 81
8 Fertilization 88
9 The Seed 90
10 The Fruit 103
11 Dispersal of Seeds and Fruits 110
PART Il HISTOLOGY
Chapter
1 The Cell 117
2 The Tissue 155
3 The Tissue System 168
4 Anatomy of Stems 177
5 Anatomy of Roots 186
6 Anatomy of Leaves 192
7 Secondary Growth in Thickness 195
8 Anomalous Secondary Growth in Thickness 203
9 Healing of Wounds and Fall of Leaves 211



PART Ill PHYSIOLOGY

Chapter
1 General Considerations 214
2 Soils 220
3 Chemical Composition of the Plant 225
4 Absorption of Water and Mineral Salts 233
5 Conduction of Water and Mineral Salts 237
6 Manufacture of Food 248
7 Special Modes of Nutrition 2$
8 Translocation and Storage of Food 271
9 Enzymes 276
10 Digestion and Assimilation of Food 278 li Respiration and Fermentation 280
12 Metabolism 292
13 Growth 292
14 Movements 301
15 Reproduction 309


PARTT IV ECOLOGY
Chapter 1 Preliminary Considerations 317
2 Ecological Groups 324
3 Types of Vegetation in India 331
4 Phytogeographical Regions of India 332
PART V
CRYPTOGAMS
Chapter 1 Divisions and General Description 340
2 Algae 341
3 Bacteria 396
4 Fungi 403
5 Lichens 449
6 Bryophyta 454
7 Pteridophyta 477
PART VI
GYMNOSPERMS
Chapter 1 General Description 505
2 Cycadales 509
3 Coniferales 513
4 Gnetales 523

PART VII ANGIOSPERMS
Chapter 1 Origin and Life history 529
2 Principles and Systems of Classification 532
3 Selected Families of Cicotyledons 542
4 Selected Families of Monocotyledons 595
PART VIII
EVOLUTION AND GENETICS
Chapter 1 Organic Evolution 609
2 Genetics 616
PART IX ECONOMIC BOTANY
Chapter 1 General Description & Economic Plants 627

PART X


PALAEOBOTANY



Chapter 1 General Description 651
2 Fossil Plants 653
APPENDIX 1 665
APPENDIX 11 667
APPENDIX 111 668
GLOSSARY OF NANŒS OF PLANTS 671
INDEX 689

The sixth edition of Botany for Degree Students presents a revision of the whole text, including the rewriting of many portions and the addition of several new topics on the basis of recent researches. It covers as far as possible the prescribed syllabuses of several Indian universities. This enlarged edition should meet the needs of degree students not only in India but abroad as well.