Pathways out of poverty : private firms and economic mobility in developing countries

Preface; P. Woicke. Foreword; N. Stern. Part I: The Role of the Private Sector: Studies and Evidence. 1. Reducing Poverty: The Overall Framework; G. Pfeffermann, G.S. Fields. 2. Escaping from Poverty: Household Income Dynamics in Indonesia, South Africa, Spain, and Venezuela; G.S. Fields, P.L. Cichello, S. Freije, M. Menendez, D. Newhouse. 3. Long-term Economic Mobility and the Private Sector in Developing Countries: New Evidence; G.S. Fields, W.S. Bagg. 4. Informal Self-Employment: Poverty Trap or Decent Alternative? W.F. Maloney. Part II: The Private Sector At Work: Cases from Around the World. 5. Generating Upward Mobility: The Case of Korea and Private Sector Development; Se-Il Park. 6. The Central Role of Entrepreneurs in Transition Economies and China; J. McMillan, C. Woodruff. 7. Opportunities off the Farm as a Springboard out of Rural Poverty: Five Decades of Development in an Indian Village; P. Lanjouw, N. Stern. 8. The Problem of African Entrepreneurial Development; T. Biggs, M. Shah. Part III: The Business Environment. 9. The Firms Speak: What the World Business Environment Survey Tells Us about Constraints on Private Sector Development; G. Batra, D. Kaufmann, A.H.W. Stone. 10. Obstacles Facing Smaller Businesses in Developing Countries; B. Weder. Part IV: Public Policy and Public Attitudes. 11. Bringing SMEs into Global Markets; K. Hallberg, Y. Konishi. 12. The Role of Government in Enhancing Opportunity for the Poor: Economic Mobility, Public Attitudes, and Public Policy; C. Graham.

Until recently, development economists tended to assume a role for private enterprises in reducing poverty, without articulating it explicitly. How private firms contribute to economic mobility and poverty reduction and what governments can do to enhance their contribution is the theme of this book. In developing countries, private enterprise is far and away the largest source of employment and investment and a significant source of government revenue. In addition to these tangible contributions, private enterprise is an important source of less tangible, but critically important, factors such as openness to ideas, innovation, and opportunity.

The book presents new evidence, which demonstrates the essential role which private firms are playing in the course of economic development. Throughout, the focus is on economic mobility. Regional case studies ranging from the Far East to Sub-Saharan Africa hone in on the role of entrepreneurship in development. Drawing on the rich materials of the World Bank's Worldwide Business Environment Survey, key policy factors are identified. Special attention is paid to obstacles facing small and medium-sized enterprises.

The concluding chapters focus on practical ways in which governments of developing and transition countries can encourage the capacity of poor people to move up the economic ladder.